Hadith is a narration of sayings, actions, decisions and qualities of Prophet Muhammad, which are attributed to him by his companions. These narrations must be free from inaccuracies and doubts when adopted by the narrators. The Muslims must follow the Hadith of the Prophet in addition to the Quran. Hadith consists of two groups, Hadith Qudsi, which is a Sacred Tradition from God. Hadith Qudsi does not belong to the Quran in any way, although it was received by the Prophet in the same way. Hadith Qudsi has 40 narrations. The term ‘Qudsi’ refers to ‘Al-Quddus’, in Islam Al-Quddus is one of the 99 names of God. The other group of Hadiths is the tradition of Prophet Muhammad, which is briefly described in the introduction. I’d like to cover at least a few classifications of them today.
Status of the Hadith
The Hadith is the most authoritative book after the Quran. Sharia, Islamic law, was created from the Koran and Hadith. The hadith is often seen as an explanation of the Quran, the topics that the Quran has not or hardly covered are in the Hadith, it is also often cited by the Quran commentators to explain the Quran. As mentioned, the Hadith, in addition to the Koran, serves as a guideline for Muslims, provided that a Hadith does not contradict the Koran, which we call ‘Hadith mawdoo’, which is a fabricated Hadith.
Collecting the Hadith
Already during the lifetime of Prophet Mohamed, Muslims were intensively concerned with the Hadith, they wrote it down, learned to recite it, and part of the Hadith has also been incorporated into Islamic law, the remaining part was only incorporated after the death of Prophet Muhammad. the Prophet incorporates into the Sharia.
Entire books have been written in connection with the Hadith, numerous books have also been written that deal with the fabricated Hadiths, which emerged after the period of the four caliphs, who are the Islamic leaders after the death of the Prophet. Mohamed. The fabrication of the Hadiths had political motives or at least certain interests, but also out of hostility towards Islam and Muslims.
Women
Women have played an important role in memorizing and narrating the Hadith. The Prophet’s wives were ideally suited to provide an insight into his private life. They have also been able to preserve many Hadiths about typical feminine matters. Aisha is the most important among them. Bukhari and Muslim have accepted about 170 Hadiths that they narrated.
Some Classifications of Hadith
Hadith saheeh
Authentic / reliable.
A Hadith with a complete chain of narrators up to the Prophet, narrators who are reliable and with a good memory. The chain may not include narrators who have narrated a single Hadith, the so-called ‘strangers’, nor may the Hadith be defective in nature.
Hadith hasan
Good.
Meets the same criteria as Hadith sahih, but one or more narrators is slightly less accurate in reporting.
Hadith da’ef
Weak.
Does not meet any of the conditions of the reliable Hadith. Scholars agree that the weak Hadith certainly does not meet the conditions of Sahih and Hasan.
Hadith mawqof
Undetectable.
This is a Hadith narrated about a companion of the Prophet, a report or information provided by a companion.
Hadith maqtoo
Not associated with the Prophet.
A Hadith that ends with a follower both by word and deed. A follower is not a companion, but an ordinary Muslim. Also a hadith in which a companion speaks of: ‘We said…..we did….’ is mawqof, so not connected.
Hadith mawdoo
Manufactured.
This is a fabricated Hadith. Falsely attributed to the Prophet, often with the aim of damaging Islam or making Muslims doubt themselves.
Sources of Hadith
There are six collectors of Hadith who are considered good to very reliable. To know:
- Imam Bukhari (Born 810)
- Imam Muslim (817 – 875)
- Abu Dawud (817 – 888)
- At-tirmidhi (825 – 892)
- AI-Nassa’i (830 – 916)
- Ibn Majah (824 – 887)